A Compendium On The Eco-Sustainable Biosynthesis Of Pdnps And Its New Avenues Towards Environmental Applications

Abstract

Palladium nanoparticles are considered as significant catalytic agents, along with wide range of applications mainly hydrogen storage and sensing, biomedical imaging and remediation strategies. Extensive studies are being carried out on formation of  palladium nanoparticles (PdNps) worldwide, shows the predominancy of chemical approach among various technologies for the synthesis. The traditional chemical method employed in the formulation of PdNps contains certain limitations that have been overcome by the use of the alternative biological method as they are meek, low cost and benign to the ecosystem. Therefore, the present review provides an over view of the modernized techniques involved in the biological approach for PdNps formation by utilising various natural origin for example plants as well as microbes for their enhanced stability and applications in fields of the environment. Various mechanisms and parameters involved along with approaches utilised for the characterization of bioPdNps are described with an insight being delivered on the utility of biologically synthesized palladium nanoparticle. Recovery of PdNps to achieve circular economy is also being focused. In addition, the future prospectus on palladium nanoparticle research is also summarized.