Thermodynamic modelling studies on biosorption of reactive amoxicillin antibiotic by pithophora macroalgae in aqueous solution

Abstract

Antibiotic removal poses a serious risk to the environment due to its intricate structure. Consequently, scientists are developing new and efficient techniques to remove antibiotic compounds from wastewater. The goal of this study is to employ green Pithophora macroalgae to remove the antibiotic amoxicillin (AMX) from a water-based solution. With a focus on understanding the process, This study assesses the application of reacting AMX biosorption on the biomass of Pithophora algae in aqueous solutions using thermodynamic modeling. The determined thermodynamic characteristics show that an endothermic process is used in the biosorption of the antibiotic AMX. As ΔGº has a positive charge (2.982 kJ mol^-1, 3.718 kJ mol^-1, and 4.793 kJ mol^-1) for AMX at (298 K, 303 K, and 308 K, respectively; This positive result indicates that the reaction is not feasible or spontaneous. The decrease in chaos at the liquid/solid interface caused by AMX biosorption on Pithophora macro algae is reflected in the negative charge of ΔSº, which was -176.735 kJ mol ^-1. The results of this study demonstrate that the biomass of the macroalgae Pithophora is a valuable biosorbent for the biosorption of AMX antibiotics and may find utility in the treatment of wastewater.