Trend analysis of meteorological parameters in the perspective on climate change in Kolkata District during 1901-2019

Abstract

Analysis of temporal dynamics of climatic parameters is indispensable for advancing the “Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)-11 and 13”. The primary goal of the current study is to analyze temperature and rainfall changes in Kolkata District using Climate Research Unit (CRU) data from 1901 to 2019. We employed statistical methods such as the anomaly index, CV(“coefficient of variation”) and PCI (“Precipitation Concentration Index”) . We also used innovative trend analysis techniques, Mann-Kendall, and Spearman's Rho tools. These measures are widely used in climate and environmental research to recognize the trend of climate change. The Mann-Kendall and Spearman's Rho tools both reveal that the seasonal (summer and winter) and yearly temperatures are rising significantly (P<0.01%). In contrast, the result shows a significant rise in annual and monsoon rainfall and a notable upward trend in temperature throughout all months. Trend analysis shows a rising trend of temperature, as well as, rainfall in Kolkata District, whereas PCI shows moderate (16 years), high (79 years), and very high (24 years) concentrations of precipitation. The current research proposes increasing government efforts to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and enhance urban environmental conditions by regulating air pollution emissions. These measures, if implemented effectively, can significantly lessen the effect of changing climate and enhance the quality of life in Kolkata. Effective land use management and stringent population control policies are essential for achieving SDG 13 and promoting inclusivity, safety, resilience, and sustainability in Kolkata (SDG 11).