Sustainable Energy Recovery from Coastal Plastic Waste: A Pyrolysis-Driven Micro Power System Approach

Abstract

Plastic waste accumulation in coastal regions poses a critical environmental and energy access challenge, particularly in underserved areas. This study introduces a novel integration of pyrolysis technology with a micro-scale thermal power generation system designed to convert coastal plastic waste into both thermal and electrical energy. The originality lies in the systematic coupling of a shell-and-tube pyrolysis reactor with a mini steam turbine-generator unit, optimized through thermodynamic analysis including heat transfer performance, turbulent fluid dynamics, and energy conversion efficiency. Experimental results show the reactor achieves efficient thermal decomposition (Re = 5,622; shell-side heat flux = 13,212.5 W), while the system produces 13.2 W of electricity with an overall efficiency of 60.66%. Additionally, a spiral condenser enhances heat recovery, reinforcing system sustainability. This integrated design demonstrates a practical, scalable, and eco-friendly solution for simultaneous plastic waste mitigation and decentralized energy generation, particularly in coastal and remote communities where infrastructure is limited. The system sets a precedent for developing modular waste-to-energy technologies that align with circular economy principles and climate resilience goals.