Assessment of Sediment-Associated Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Interactions in Telaje-Cabugan Creek, Philippines

Abstract

Heavy metal contamination in freshwater ecosystems poses a persistent threat to environmental and public health, particularly in urban regions with limited waste management infrastructure. This study assessed the concentration and spatial distribution of cadmium, lead, manganese, and zinc in the water and sediments of Telaje-Cabugan Creek, a tributary of the Tandag River in Surigao del Sur, Philippines. Water and sediment samples were collected from three designated sites and analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Physicochemical parameters including pH, salinity, temperature, turbidity, and depth were also recorded. Results showed that only manganese was detected in water, while zinc, lead, and manganese were present in sediments, with cadmium below the detection limit in both matrices. Zinc concentrations exceeded international sediment quality thresholds, indicating moderate pollution, while other metals remained within acceptable levels. No significant spatial differences were observed in heavy metal concentrations across the sampling sites. Correlation analysis revealed that manganese in sediments was significantly influenced by salinity and pH, suggesting environmental conditions can affect its mobility. The findings provide baseline data for local water quality management and highlight the need for integrated interventions to address diffuse sources of contamination in urban freshwater systems.