Organic Waste to Energy: Enhancing Biodigester Efficiency in Oman for Sustainable Development

Abstract

Organic waste presents a significant environmental and economic opportunity for renewable energy generation through anaerobic digestion. This study investigates the optimization of biodigester systems tailored to Oman's unique climatic and waste profiles. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach that integrates experimental data (30-day monitoring of five feedstock types) with simulated scenarios, the research evaluates five feedstock types (Food Waste, Agricultural Residues, Livestock Manure, Mixed Organic Waste, and Food and Crop Waste) and three pre-treatment methods (Mechanical, Thermal, and Chemical). The findings demonstrate that thermal pre-treatment enhances biogas yield by up to 25-30%, with Food Waste and Food and Crop Waste achieving the highest methane content (65% and 64%, respectively). Environmental analysis reveals substantial benefits, including up to 70% greenhouse gas emissions reduction and 90% waste diversion rates. Economically, biodigesters utilizing high-yield feedstocks achieve short payback periods of 2–2.5 years, with net economic returns exceeding 30%. Simulated data highlight the potential for co-digestion, system adaptations for arid climates, and real-time monitoring technologies to further enhance performance. The study aligns with Oman's Vision 2040 by providing actionable insights into sustainable waste management and renewable energy integration. By addressing technical, environmental, and economic dimensions, the research offers a scalable and replicable model for advancing biodigester systems in Oman.