The Influence of Urban Green Spaces on Airborne Particulate Pollution:A Case Study of Phutthamonthon Park Bangkok Suburb, Thailand

Abstract

Urban green spaces are an important part of promoting health and central to urban communities, especially in their significant role in mitigating air pollution. However, the relationship between green space and various sizes of airborne particulate matter (PM) remains insufficiently understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between the green areas of Phutthamonthon Park and concentrations of PM₁, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and total dust. It also examined the influence of temperature, relative humidity, and time of day on particulate levels. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in January 2025 using the DustTrak DRX Aerosol Monitors. Data were collected across four zones over three days, covering morning, midday, and evening, with 144 samples. The findings indicated that green space significantly reduced total dust levels, with exterior zones exhibiting 50-100% higher concentrations than interior areas (p<0.001). In contrast, fine PM (PM₁, PM_2.5, PM₁₀) showed no statistically significant reduction within green spaces, remaining particularly elevated during morning hours due to meteorological conditions. These findings highlight both the potential and limitations of urban green spaces for PM mitigation, revealing significant health risks for morning outdoor activity participants during high pollution episodes. The study provides actionable evidence to inform urban green space design and sustainable development policies aimed at improving air quality and public health outcomes.