Application of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to Assess Bio- and Thermal-Conversion Technology Options of Organic Solid Waste

Abstract

Indonesia is increasingly challenged by organic solid waste management, especially in Bali Province, where organic waste accounts for about 68% of the total municipal waste produced. The current waste management strategies mainly depend on landfilling and basic composting techniques, which are inadequate to mitigate environmental and socio-economic effects. This research utilizes the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to systematically assess and prioritize eight bioconversion and thermal conversion technologies for managing organic waste in Bali. The evaluation considers four main criteria- environmental, social, technical, and economic- along with their sub-criteria, based on expert opinions and literature review. The results reveal that bioconversion technologies, particularly composting, black soldier fly (BSF) processing, and eco-enzyme production, are the most appropriate choice, as they offer high community acceptance, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and better compatibility with local characteristics and socio-economic conditions. Thermal technologies like incineration and gasification are less favored due to their higher environmental risks and capital expenses. The findings offer a comprehensive decision-support framework for policymakers and practitioners to create sustainable organic waste management strategies tailored to Indonesia's context.